> ## Documentation Index
> Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://seal-d2ca5bea.mintlify.site/llms.txt
> Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further.

# How to name fields and entities

> Naming conventions for fields and entities in Seal.

## Field names

Use `snake_case` with the unit at the end:

```
object_property_state_unit
```

| Part         | What it is                  | Examples                                                     |
| :----------- | :-------------------------- | :----------------------------------------------------------- |
| **object**   | What you're measuring       | `reactor`, `filter_inlet`, `patient`                         |
| **property** | The attribute               | `temp`, `press`, `vol`, `mass`                               |
| **state**    | Target vs actual (optional) | `set`, `lim`, `min`, `max`, `avg`... ([see States](#states)) |
| **unit**     | Include for measurements    | `_C`, `_kg`, `_bar`, `_mm`                                   |

## Examples

### Process data

* `reactor_temp_set_C` — Target temperature
* `reactor_temp_C` — Measured temperature
* `glucose_feed_vol_L` — Volume of glucose added
* `filter_inlet_press_lim_bar` — Pressure limit

### Manufacturing & QC

* `housing_length_mm` — Measured length
* `screw_torque_lim_Nm` — Torque specification
* `leak_test_result` — Pass/Fail observation

### Clinical & patient data

* `patient_weight_kg` — Body weight
* `sys_BP_mmHg` — Vital sign (systolic blood pressure)
* `pain_score` — Patient-reported outcome

## Choosing a naming standard

| Context                        | Use                                            | Why                                                                               |
| :----------------------------- | :--------------------------------------------- | :-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| **GMP Manufacturing**          | **This guide**                                 | Functional names work across equipment. Track assets via an `equipment_id` field. |
| **R\&D / Process Development** | **This guide**                                 | Equipment changes. Functional names let you compare data across scales.           |
| **Clinical**                   | **This guide** internally, **CDISC** on export | Readable names for daily work, map to SDTM/ADaM for submission.                   |

### External standards (Allotrope, CDISC, ISA-88)

These standards are optimized for **data exchange** between systems, not **daily usage**. They prioritize universal definitions over specific context.

For example, an ontology defines "Temperature," but your process needs to distinguish `inlet_temp` from `outlet_temp`. Using abstract codes (like `AFO_0000123`) strips away this context, making data analysis harder and increasing the risk of interpretation errors.

**Best practice:** Use descriptive, functional names inside Seal for clarity and safety. If you need to export to external standards (Allotrope, CDISC, etc.), speak to your solutions consultant—Seal can set up the appropriate transformations for your workflows.

## Templates

```
Prefix_Product_Process
```

Example: `BR_MAB_Upstream`, `SOP_Deviation_Handling`

See [Template prefixes](#template-prefixes) for the full list.

Versioning is handled automatically by Seal—don't add `_v1` to names.

## Instances

Naming depends on whether the entity is a **process** (happening in time), a **resource** (physical), or a **document** (static).

### Process (time-based)

| Type        | Format       | Example      |
| :---------- | :----------- | :----------- |
| **Batch**   | `B-YYYY-NNN` | `B-2024-001` |
| **Project** | `PRJ-CODE`   | `PRJ-X15`    |

### Resource (physical)

| Type          | Format    | Example      |
| :------------ | :-------- | :----------- |
| **Equipment** | `EQ-ID`   | `EQ-BIO-01`  |
| **Material**  | `RM-CODE` | `RM-GLUC-01` |

### Document (static)

| Type         | Format      | Example      |
| :----------- | :---------- | :----------- |
| **Document** | `PREFIX-ID` | `SOP-QA-005` |

**Tip:** Don't repeat the product or process name in the instance (e.g., `MAB_Upstream_B-2024-001`). That metadata comes from the Template.

## Common mistakes

| Bad                           | Good             | Why                                                    |
| :---------------------------- | :--------------- | :----------------------------------------------------- |
| `Value_1`                     | `reactor_temp_C` | No meaning                                             |
| `temp`                        | `reactor_temp_C` | Missing context and unit                               |
| `Temperature (°C)`            | `reactor_temp_C` | Spaces require bracket notation                        |
| `reactor_temperature_celsius` | `reactor_temp_C` | Too long                                               |
| `REACTOR_TEMP_C`              | `reactor_temp_C` | ALL\_CAPS harder to scan                               |
| `ReactorTempC`                | `reactor_temp_C` | camelCase harder to read                               |
| `temp2`                       | `jacket_temp_C`  | Numbers don't explain                                  |
| `AFO_0000123`                 | `reactor_temp_C` | Ontology IDs are for machines                          |
| `VSTESTCD`                    | `sys_mmHg`       | CDISC codes are for submission                         |
| `BIO01_TEMP`                  | `reactor_temp_C` | Asset tags break comparison (use `Equipment ID` field) |

<Tip>
  **Spaces and special characters are supported** — formulas use bracket notation: `entity["Temperature (°C)"]`. See [Formulas](/entity-content/formulas#reading-entity-fields) for details. Legacy v1 automations also support `snake_case` dot notation (`self.fields.reactor_temp_C`).
</Tip>

## Vocabulary reference

Use these standard abbreviations consistently.

### Properties

#### Physical & process

| Term       | Meaning     | Term       | Meaning       |
| :--------- | :---------- | :--------- | :------------ |
| **temp**   | Temperature | **press**  | Pressure      |
| **vol**    | Volume      | **mass**   | Mass / Weight |
| **flow**   | Flow Rate   | **level**  | Level / Fill  |
| **speed**  | Speed / RPM | **agit**   | Agitation     |
| **torque** | Torque      | **force**  | Force         |
| **power**  | Power       | **energy** | Energy        |
| **time**   | Duration    | **rate**   | Rate          |
| **freq**   | Frequency   | **cycle**  | Cycle Count   |

#### Dimensions

| Term       | Meaning        | Term          | Meaning        |
| :--------- | :------------- | :------------ | :------------- |
| **length** | Length         | **width**     | Width          |
| **height** | Height         | **depth**     | Depth          |
| **dia**    | Diameter       | **OD**        | Outer Diameter |
| **ID**     | Inner Diameter | **thickness** | Thickness      |
| **area**   | Area           | **radius**    | Radius         |

#### Chemical & analytical

| Term        | Meaning         | Term      | Meaning          |
| :---------- | :-------------- | :-------- | :--------------- |
| **pH**      | pH Level        | **conc**  | Concentration    |
| **cond**    | Conductivity    | **osmo**  | Osmolality       |
| **turb**    | Turbidity       | **visc**  | Viscosity        |
| **density** | Density         | **RI**    | Refractive Index |
| **abs**     | Absorbance / OD | **trans** | Transmittance    |
| **fluor**   | Fluorescence    |           |                  |

#### Gas & dissolved

| Term    | Meaning             | Term     | Meaning              |
| :------ | :------------------ | :------- | :------------------- |
| **DO**  | Dissolved Oxygen    | **dCO2** | Dissolved CO₂        |
| **pO2** | Partial Pressure O₂ | **pCO2** | Partial Pressure CO₂ |
| **O2**  | Oxygen              | **CO2**  | Carbon Dioxide       |
| **N2**  | Nitrogen            | **air**  | Air                  |

#### Cell culture & bioprocess

| Term       | Meaning             | Term         | Meaning              |
| :--------- | :------------------ | :----------- | :------------------- |
| **VCD**    | Viable Cell Density | **TCD**      | Total Cell Density   |
| **viab**   | Viability           | **doubling** | Doubling Time        |
| **growth** | Growth Rate         | **PDL**      | Population Doublings |
| **gluc**   | Glucose             | **lac**      | Lactate              |
| **gln**    | Glutamine           | **glu**      | Glutamate            |
| **NH4**    | Ammonia             | **Na**       | Sodium               |
| **K**      | Potassium           | **Ca**       | Calcium              |

#### Product quality

| Term          | Meaning           | Term          | Meaning      |
| :------------ | :---------------- | :------------ | :----------- |
| **titer**     | Titer             | **yield**     | Yield        |
| **purity**    | Purity            | **potency**   | Potency      |
| **recovery**  | Recovery          | **activity**  | Activity     |
| **aggregate** | Aggregate         | **fragment**  | Fragment     |
| **HCP**       | Host Cell Protein | **DNA**       | Residual DNA |
| **endotoxin** | Endotoxin         | **bioburden** | Bioburden    |

#### Chromatography

| Term          | Meaning        | Term           | Meaning            |
| :------------ | :------------- | :------------- | :----------------- |
| **RT**        | Retention Time | **area**       | Peak Area          |
| **height**    | Peak Height    | **resolution** | Resolution         |
| **asymmetry** | Asymmetry      | **tailing**    | Tailing Factor     |
| **HETP**      | Plate Height   | **plates**     | Theoretical Plates |
| **CV**        | Column Volumes | **DV**         | Diavolumes         |

#### Filtration & TFF

| Term    | Meaning                       | Term     | Meaning              |
| :------ | :---------------------------- | :------- | :------------------- |
| **TMP** | Transmembrane Pressure        | **flux** | Flux                 |
| **NWP** | Normalized Water Permeability | **CF**   | Concentration Factor |
| **DF**  | Diafiltration                 | **LMH**  | L/m²/hr              |

#### Electrical

| Term            | Meaning     | Term           | Meaning    |
| :-------------- | :---------- | :------------- | :--------- |
| **voltage**     | Voltage     | **current**    | Current    |
| **resistance**  | Resistance  | **impedance**  | Impedance  |
| **capacitance** | Capacitance | **inductance** | Inductance |

#### Mechanical (device)

| Term        | Meaning          | Term           | Meaning        |
| :---------- | :--------------- | :------------- | :------------- |
| **tensile** | Tensile Strength | **elongation** | Elongation     |
| **modulus** | Modulus          | **hardness**   | Hardness       |
| **fatigue** | Fatigue Life     | **creep**      | Creep          |
| **seal**    | Seal Strength    | **burst**      | Burst Strength |

#### Clinical vitals

| Term     | Meaning                | Term       | Meaning           |
| :------- | :--------------------- | :--------- | :---------------- |
| **sys**  | Systolic BP            | **dias**   | Diastolic BP      |
| **MAP**  | Mean Arterial Pressure | **HR**     | Heart Rate        |
| **RR**   | Respiratory Rate       | **SpO2**   | Oxygen Saturation |
| **temp** | Body Temperature       | **weight** | Body Weight       |

#### Clinical labs

| Term     | Meaning              | Term      | Meaning                     |
| :------- | :------------------- | :-------- | :-------------------------- |
| **WBC**  | White Blood Cells    | **RBC**   | Red Blood Cells             |
| **Hgb**  | Hemoglobin           | **Hct**   | Hematocrit                  |
| **PLT**  | Platelets            | **ANC**   | Absolute Neutrophil Count   |
| **ALT**  | Alanine Transaminase | **AST**   | Aspartate Transaminase      |
| **ALP**  | Alkaline Phosphatase | **bili**  | Bilirubin                   |
| **BUN**  | Blood Urea Nitrogen  | **creat** | Creatinine                  |
| **eGFR** | Est. GFR             | **alb**   | Albumin                     |
| **INR**  | INR                  | **PTT**   | Partial Thromboplastin Time |

#### PK/PD

| Term          | Meaning               | Term         | Meaning                |
| :------------ | :-------------------- | :----------- | :--------------------- |
| **Cmax**      | Maximum Concentration | **Tmax**     | Time to Cmax           |
| **AUC**       | Area Under Curve      | **halflife** | Half-life              |
| **clearance** | Clearance             | **Vd**       | Volume of Distribution |

#### Particle & size

| Term      | Meaning         | Term     | Meaning       |
| :-------- | :-------------- | :------- | :------------ |
| **D10**   | 10th Percentile | **D50**  | Median Size   |
| **D90**   | 90th Percentile | **span** | Span          |
| **count** | Particle Count  | **size** | Particle Size |

### Objects

#### Process equipment

| Term           | Meaning                | Term            | Meaning               |
| :------------- | :--------------------- | :-------------- | :-------------------- |
| **reactor**    | Bioreactor / Fermenter | **tank**        | Hold / Storage Tank   |
| **vessel**     | Generic Vessel         | **mixer**       | Mixing System         |
| **filter**     | Filtration Unit        | **column**      | Chromatography Column |
| **skid**       | Process Skid           | **cassette**    | TFF Cassette          |
| **membrane**   | Membrane               | **resin**       | Chromatography Resin  |
| **pump**       | Pump                   | **valve**       | Valve                 |
| **probe**      | Sensor / Probe         | **balance**     | Weighing Balance      |
| **autoclave**  | Autoclave              | **lyophilizer** | Lyophilizer           |
| **filler**     | Filling Machine        | **capper**      | Capping Machine       |
| **labeler**    | Labeling Machine       | **cartoner**    | Cartoning Machine     |
| **incubator**  | Incubator              | **shaker**      | Shaker                |
| **centrifuge** | Centrifuge             | **homogenizer** | Homogenizer           |

#### Analytical instruments

| Term                  | Meaning              | Term          | Meaning           |
| :-------------------- | :------------------- | :------------ | :---------------- |
| **HPLC**              | HPLC System          | **UPLC**      | UPLC System       |
| **MS**                | Mass Spectrometer    | **GC**        | Gas Chromatograph |
| **UV**                | UV Spectrophotometer | **IR**        | IR Spectrometer   |
| **Raman**             | Raman Spectrometer   | **NMR**       | NMR Spectrometer  |
| **plate\_reader**     | Plate Reader         | **flow\_cyt** | Flow Cytometer    |
| **particle\_counter** | Particle Counter     | **osmometer** | Osmometer         |

#### Process locations

| Term        | Meaning            | Term          | Meaning     |
| :---------- | :----------------- | :------------ | :---------- |
| **inlet**   | Inlet Port         | **outlet**    | Outlet Port |
| **jacket**  | Temperature Jacket | **headspace** | Headspace   |
| **sparger** | Sparger            | **impeller**  | Impeller    |
| **diptube** | Dip Tube           | **vent**      | Vent        |

#### Streams

| Term         | Meaning          | Term            | Meaning          |
| :----------- | :--------------- | :-------------- | :--------------- |
| **feed**     | Feed Stream      | **harvest**     | Harvest Stream   |
| **load**     | Column Load      | **wash**        | Wash Stream      |
| **elute**    | Eluate / Elution | **strip**       | Strip Stream     |
| **regen**    | Regeneration     | **equil**       | Equilibration    |
| **permeate** | Permeate Stream  | **retentate**   | Retentate Stream |
| **filtrate** | Filtrate         | **concentrate** | Concentrate      |
| **diluent**  | Diluent          | **waste**       | Waste Stream     |

#### Materials

| Term          | Meaning             | Term         | Meaning           |
| :------------ | :------------------ | :----------- | :---------------- |
| **buffer**    | Buffer Solution     | **media**    | Growth Media      |
| **WFI**       | Water for Injection | **PW**       | Purified Water    |
| **product**   | Product             | **API**      | Active Ingredient |
| **excipient** | Excipient           | **raw\_mat** | Raw Material      |
| **sample**    | Sample              | **std**      | Standard          |
| **ref**       | Reference           | **ctrl**     | Control           |

#### Batch & campaign

| Term         | Meaning     | Term     | Meaning     |
| :----------- | :---------- | :------- | :---------- |
| **batch**    | Batch / Lot | **run**  | Process Run |
| **campaign** | Campaign    | **lot**  | Lot         |
| **sublot**   | Sub-lot     | **pool** | Pool        |

#### Facilities

| Term         | Meaning      | Term          | Meaning     |
| :----------- | :----------- | :------------ | :---------- |
| **room**     | Room / Suite | **cleanroom** | Cleanroom   |
| **lab**      | Laboratory   | **warehouse** | Warehouse   |
| **coldroom** | Cold Room    | **freezer**   | Freezer     |
| **env**      | Environment  | **HVAC**      | HVAC System |

#### Utilities

| Term           | Meaning         | Term         | Meaning            |
| :------------- | :-------------- | :----------- | :----------------- |
| **WFI\_loop**  | WFI Loop        | **PW\_loop** | PW Loop            |
| **steam**      | Clean Steam     | **CDA**      | Compressed Dry Air |
| **N2\_supply** | Nitrogen Supply | **vac**      | Vacuum             |

#### Clinical & patient

| Term        | Meaning       | Term        | Meaning       |
| :---------- | :------------ | :---------- | :------------ |
| **patient** | Patient       | **subject** | Study Subject |
| **site**    | Clinical Site | **visit**   | Study Visit   |
| **arm**     | Study Arm     | **cohort**  | Cohort        |

#### Body locations

| Term          | Meaning        | Term        | Meaning    |
| :------------ | :------------- | :---------- | :--------- |
| **arm\_L**    | Left Arm       | **arm\_R**  | Right Arm  |
| **leg\_L**    | Left Leg       | **leg\_R**  | Right Leg  |
| **abdomen**   | Abdomen        | **deltoid** | Deltoid    |
| **inj\_site** | Injection Site | **tumor**   | Tumor Site |

#### Medical device

| Term          | Meaning        | Term          | Meaning          |
| :------------ | :------------- | :------------ | :--------------- |
| **device**    | Medical Device | **implant**   | Implant          |
| **catheter**  | Catheter       | **stent**     | Stent            |
| **electrode** | Electrode      | **lead**      | Lead / Wire      |
| **housing**   | Device Housing | **connector** | Connector        |
| **seal**      | Seal / Gasket  | **screw**     | Screw / Fastener |
| **coating**   | Coating        | **substrate** | Substrate        |

### States

| Suffix    | Meaning                   | Example                |
| :-------- | :------------------------ | :--------------------- |
| **set**   | Setpoint / Target         | `reactor_temp_set_C`   |
| **lim**   | Specification Limit       | `filter_press_lim_bar` |
| **min**   | Minimum Limit             | `temp_min_C`           |
| **max**   | Maximum Limit             | `temp_max_C`           |
| **lo**    | Low Alarm                 | `press_lo_bar`         |
| **hi**    | High Alarm                | `press_hi_bar`         |
| **lolo**  | Low-Low Alarm             | `level_lolo_pct`       |
| **hihi**  | High-High Alarm           | `temp_hihi_C`          |
| **avg**   | Average / Mean            | `temp_avg_C`           |
| **sum**   | Sum / Total               | `vol_sum_L`            |
| **calc**  | Calculated Value          | `yield_calc_pct`       |
| **obs**   | Observation (Categorical) | `color_obs`            |
| **init**  | Initial Value             | `mass_init_kg`         |
| **final** | Final Value               | `mass_final_kg`        |
| **start** | Start Time/Value          | `temp_start_C`         |
| **end**   | End Time/Value            | `temp_end_C`           |
| **pre**   | Pre-operation             | `weight_pre_kg`        |
| **post**  | Post-operation            | `weight_post_kg`       |
| **raw**   | Raw / Unprocessed         | `signal_raw_mV`        |
| **adj**   | Adjusted / Corrected      | `conc_adj_mg_mL`       |
| *(none)*  | Actual / Measured         | `reactor_temp_C`       |

### Units

#### Temperature

| Unit       | Suffix |
| :--------- | :----- |
| Celsius    | `_C`   |
| Fahrenheit | `_F`   |
| Kelvin     | `_K`   |

#### Mass

| Unit       | Suffix |
| :--------- | :----- |
| Kilograms  | `_kg`  |
| Grams      | `_g`   |
| Milligrams | `_mg`  |
| Micrograms | `_ug`  |
| Nanograms  | `_ng`  |
| Pounds     | `_lb`  |

#### Volume

| Unit         | Suffix |
| :----------- | :----- |
| Liters       | `_L`   |
| Milliliters  | `_mL`  |
| Microliters  | `_uL`  |
| Gallons      | `_gal` |
| Cubic meters | `_m3`  |

#### Pressure

| Unit       | Suffix   |
| :--------- | :------- |
| Bar        | `_bar`   |
| Millibar   | `_mbar`  |
| PSI        | `_psi`   |
| Pascal     | `_Pa`    |
| Kilopascal | `_kPa`   |
| mmHg       | `_mmHg`  |
| cmH2O      | `_cmH2O` |
| atm        | `_atm`   |

#### Length

| Unit        | Suffix |
| :---------- | :----- |
| Meters      | `_m`   |
| Centimeters | `_cm`  |
| Millimeters | `_mm`  |
| Micrometers | `_um`  |
| Nanometers  | `_nm`  |
| Inches      | `_in`  |
| Feet        | `_ft`  |

#### Time

| Unit         | Suffix |
| :----------- | :----- |
| Seconds      | `_s`   |
| Milliseconds | `_ms`  |
| Minutes      | `_min` |
| Hours        | `_hr`  |
| Days         | `_d`   |
| Weeks        | `_wk`  |

#### Speed & frequency

| Unit      | Suffix |
| :-------- | :----- |
| RPM       | `_rpm` |
| Hertz     | `_Hz`  |
| Kilohertz | `_kHz` |
| m/s       | `_m_s` |

#### Force & torque

| Unit          | Suffix |
| :------------ | :----- |
| Newtons       | `_N`   |
| Kilonewtons   | `_kN`  |
| Newton-meters | `_Nm`  |
| Pound-force   | `_lbf` |

#### Power & energy

| Unit       | Suffix |
| :--------- | :----- |
| Watts      | `_W`   |
| Kilowatts  | `_kW`  |
| Joules     | `_J`   |
| Kilojoules | `_kJ`  |

#### Electrical

| Unit       | Suffix  |
| :--------- | :------ |
| Volts      | `_V`    |
| Millivolts | `_mV`   |
| Amps       | `_A`    |
| Milliamps  | `_mA`   |
| Microamps  | `_uA`   |
| Ohms       | `_ohm`  |
| Kilohms    | `_kohm` |
| Megohms    | `_Mohm` |

#### Concentration

| Unit              | Suffix   |
| :---------------- | :------- |
| Percent           | `_pct`   |
| Parts per million | `_ppm`   |
| Parts per billion | `_ppb`   |
| Molar             | `_M`     |
| Millimolar        | `_mM`    |
| Micromolar        | `_uM`    |
| g/L               | `_g_L`   |
| mg/mL             | `_mg_mL` |
| mg/L              | `_mg_L`  |
| ug/mL             | `_ug_mL` |
| ng/mL             | `_ng_mL` |
| IU/mL             | `_IU_mL` |
| EU/mL             | `_EU_mL` |

#### Flow

| Unit   | Suffix    |
| :----- | :-------- |
| mL/min | `_mL_min` |
| L/min  | `_L_min`  |
| L/hr   | `_L_hr`   |
| m³/hr  | `_m3_hr`  |
| SLPM   | `_SLPM`   |
| LMH    | `_LMH`    |

#### Cell & biological

| Unit         | Suffix       |
| :----------- | :----------- |
| Cells/mL     | `_cells_mL`  |
| 10⁶ cells/mL | `_Mcells_mL` |
| CFU/mL       | `_CFU_mL`    |
| PFU/mL       | `_PFU_mL`    |
| copies/mL    | `_copies_mL` |

#### Analytical

| Unit    | Suffix     |
| :------ | :--------- |
| mS/cm   | `_mS_cm`   |
| µS/cm   | `_uS_cm`   |
| NTU     | `_NTU`     |
| FNU     | `_FNU`     |
| AU      | `_AU`      |
| mAU     | `_mAU`     |
| RFU     | `_RFU`     |
| RLU     | `_RLU`     |
| mOsm/kg | `_mOsm_kg` |
| cP      | `_cP`      |
| mPa·s   | `_mPa_s`   |

#### Clinical

| Unit        | Suffix    |
| :---------- | :-------- |
| bpm         | `_bpm`    |
| breaths/min | `_br_min` |
| mmol/L      | `_mmol_L` |
| mg/dL       | `_mg_dL`  |
| U/L         | `_U_L`    |
| 10⁹/L       | `_G_L`    |
| 10¹²/L      | `_T_L`    |
| g/dL        | `_g_dL`   |

### Template prefixes

#### Quality documents

| Prefix  | Document Type                |
| :------ | :--------------------------- |
| `SOP_`  | Standard Operating Procedure |
| `WI_`   | Work Instruction             |
| `PRT_`  | Protocol                     |
| `TM_`   | Test Method                  |
| `SPEC_` | Specification                |
| `FRM_`  | Form / Template              |

#### Batch & production

| Prefix | Document Type              |
| :----- | :------------------------- |
| `MBR_` | Master Batch Record        |
| `BR_`  | Batch Record               |
| `BPR_` | Batch Production Record    |
| `CPP_` | Critical Process Parameter |

#### Reports

| Prefix | Document Type              |
| :----- | :------------------------- |
| `RPT_` | Report                     |
| `COA_` | Certificate of Analysis    |
| `COC_` | Certificate of Conformance |
| `BSR_` | Batch Summary Report       |

#### Validation & qualification

| Prefix | Document Type              |
| :----- | :------------------------- |
| `VAL_` | Validation Protocol/Report |
| `IQ_`  | Installation Qualification |
| `OQ_`  | Operational Qualification  |
| `PQ_`  | Performance Qualification  |
| `CSV_` | Computer System Validation |
| `TMV_` | Test Method Validation     |

#### Quality events

| Prefix       | Document Type        |
| :----------- | :------------------- |
| `DEV_`       | Deviation            |
| `NC_`        | Non-conformance      |
| `CAPA_`      | CAPA                 |
| `OOS_`       | Out of Specification |
| `OOT_`       | Out of Trend         |
| `COMPLAINT_` | Complaint            |

#### Change & risk

| Prefix  | Document Type            |
| :------ | :----------------------- |
| `CHG_`  | Change Control           |
| `ECO_`  | Engineering Change Order |
| `RA_`   | Risk Assessment          |
| `FMEA_` | FMEA                     |

#### Clinical

| Prefix | Document Type         |
| :----- | :-------------------- |
| `CRF_` | Case Report Form      |
| `ICF_` | Informed Consent Form |
| `SAE_` | Serious Adverse Event |
| `DSR_` | Data Safety Report    |